Brief analysis of flame retardant finishing of cotton fabrics, wool fabrics and polyester fabrics
1. Fireproof finishing of cotton fabrics
The fireproofing finishing of cotton fabrics is progressing rapidly. At present, it is relatively mature in China. Fireproofing agents can basically industrially produce pure cotton with durable fireproofing finishing. There are generally three methods:
A﹒ Proban/ammonia fumigation process. The Proban method was first used in industrial production by the British Wilson Company. The traditional Proban method is a baking process after padding with the fire retardant THPC (tetrahydroxymethylammonium chloride). The improved method is Proban/ammonia fumigation. The process, the process flow is: padding and fireproofing → drying → ammonia fumigation → oxidation → water washing → drying. In China, Beijing Wanhua, Jiangyin Printing and Dyeing Factory, Anshan Cotton Textile Printing and Dyeing Factory, etc. have introduced foreign auxiliaries and equipment for production. This is a process that is currently recognized as having good fireproofing effect, small fabric strength reduction, and little impact on hand feel. However, equipment problems have limited its promotion.
B﹒ PyrovatexCP finishing process. Domestic units such as Shanghai Pesticide Factory, Changzhou Chemical Industry Research Institute, Tianjin Composite Materials Research Institute, East China University of Science and Technology, and Qingdao Textile Workwear College are producing this additive. The product has good fireproof performance and good durability. It can withstand household cleaning for 50 or even more than 200 times. It feels good, but the strength reduction is slightly larger. There are twenty to thirty domestic manufacturers using this type of fire retardant.
Temporary and semi-durable fire-retardant finishing of pure cotton – Electric blankets, wall coverings, sofas and other fabrics do not require very high fire-resistance and washing times. Such products can be used for temporary or semi-durable fire-retardant finishing. Can. That is, it can withstand 1 to 15 times of warm water cleaning, but it is not resistant to soaping. There are mainly borax-boric acid process, diammonium hydrogen phosphate process, phosphorus amine process, dicyandiamide process, etc. The above process is rarely used in industrial production of pure cotton fabrics. SFR-203 from Qingdao University Fabric Workwear College is a semi-durable fireproof finishing agent.
2. Fireproof finishing of wool fabrics
Wool has a high moisture regain rate and ammonia content, so it has good natural fire resistance. However, if higher standards are required, it needs to be post-fireproofing. The earliest fire-proof finishing of wool used borax and boric acid solution dipping method, and the product was used for decorative cloth on aircraft. This method has good fire protection effect, but it is not resistant to water washing. After the 1960s, THPC treatment was adopted, which has better washing resistance, but the process is complicated, the hand feels rough, and the quality of wool fabric is lost. The method studied by the International Wool Bureau is to use a complex of titanium, zirconium and hydroxy acid to post-finish wool fabrics to achieve a satisfactory fire-proof effect without affecting the feel of wool, so it has been widely adopted. Mainly include titanium, zirconium, tungsten and other metal complex finishing agents. Since the late 1980s, several domestic units have researched and developed wool fire retardants and post-finishing processes, and have achieved satisfactory results. Tianjin Institute of Synthetic Materials has developed a laminated WFR-866 series of fire retardants, one is WFR-866F (with fluorine complex as the main component), and the other is WFR-866B (with bromine-containing hydroxy acid as the main component) ). Tianjin Renzhan Woolen Mill, Beijing Woolen Mill, and Beijing Woolen Mill all use Lu fire retardant to treat fine and woolen products. The School of Fabrics and Workwear of Qingdao University has developed the SFW series of fire retardants for wool, and has cooperated with Jining Woolen Mill and Weifang Second Woolen Mill to develop pure wool fireproof products. The fireproof performance of the products has reached or exceeded the level of similar products at home and abroad.
Currently, pure wool fire-retardant fabrics are mainly used in carpets, curtains, wall materials, etc. in aircraft cabins and high-end hotels.
3. Fireproof finishing of polyester fabric
Fireproof finishing of polyester fabrics So far, a suitable ideal fireproofing agent has not been found. Triphosphate (2, 3-dibromopropyl) (TDBPP) has a certain effect on polyester fire protection, but it has carcinogenic effects. Mobilchemco of the United States has launched Antiblaze19T fire retardant, which is suitable for 100% polyester fabrics. It has good effects and is not very toxic. FRC-1 manufactured by Changzhou Chemical Industry Research Institute in China is a similar product. Changzhou Knitted Fabric Factory and Shanghai Knitted Fabric Factory use this fire retardant to produce pure polyester knitted fabrics. In addition, finishing agents containing bromine and antimony compounds such as decabromodiphenyl ether, hexabromocyclododecane, antimony trioxide, antimony pentoxide, etc. have been studied. Adding binders to the working fluid will Fire retardants are bonded to the fabric.
But in general, the fire resistance of the finished fabric is acceptable, but it feels hard, has hoarfrost, discoloration, etc., and the stability of the finishing fluid is not good. The main reason is that the fire retardant has large particle size, is easy to agglomerate, and has poor adsorption to fibers. According to foreign reports, if the particle size is 15 to 20nm, the fireproof effect can be increased by 3 times, the hand feel is soft, and the washability is good. Domestic research on polyester fabrics includes: Changzhou Chemical Industry Research Institute, Changzhou Knitted Fabric Factory, Changshu Weft Knitting Factory, Liaoning Warp Knitting Factory, China Textile University, Qingda University Fabric Workwear College, Shijiazhuang Fabric Warp Knitting Factory, etc.
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