Medical protective clothing As a type of chemical protective clothing, it is mainly used by medical staff. The ideal medical protective clothing should be multi-functional. It should not only protect medical staff from toxic and harmful liquids, gases or infectious viruses and microorganisms, but also be comfortable to wear. While having barrier properties, it should also have Breathable, antibacterial and hypoallergenic, and must not harm human health. In addition, the selection of protective clothing fabrics also needs to consider cost and environmental issues after disposal.
Medical protective clothing is required to be “three-repellent and one-resistance”, that is, water-repellent, blood-repellent, alcohol-repellent and anti-static. Unlike ordinary woven materials, it uses special composite materials that can Composite with different materials, such as polyethylene/polypropylene spunbond nonwovens, composited with breathable microporous films or other nonwovens, or composites of spunlace nonwovens and breathable microporous films, or composite spunlaces with wood paddles Non-woven. The nonwoven materials used in several medical protective clothing currently being sold and developed in the domestic market mainly include the following:
◆Polypropylene spunbond fabric
◆Polyester fiber and Wood pulp composite spunlace fabric
◆Polypropylene spunbond-meltblown-spunbond composite nonwoven fabric, namely SMS or SMMS
◆Polymer coated fabric
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◆Polyethylene breathable film/non-woven composite fabric
◆TPU breathable film/non-woven composite fabric
Common medical protective clothing usually consists of a hat, The one-piece structure composed of tops and pants has strict production standards, including protection (sealing), wearability, safety and hygiene. Medical protective clothing can be produced by cutting, sewing, elasticizing, and gluing strips. The processes involved are inseparable from these three processes: flat seams, overlock seams, and gluing.
The reason why protective clothing can achieve such high sealing performance is inseparable from this most important step: gluing. After the workers sew the protective clothing, they need to use a heat sealing machine to seal all the stitches and pinholes in the protective clothing to prevent dust or liquid from entering through the sewing pinholes and enhance the isolation performance and use of the protective clothing. Safety. As shown in the figure below, the heat sealing strip is hot-pressed on the pinhole position of the protective clothing through a heat sealing machine to ensure the sealing of the pinhole position.
With the spread of the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic, the demand for medical supplies has surged in various places, and the most in short supply is medical protective clothing. During the Spring Festival, imported protective clothing and stockpiles of protective clothing played an important role, and subsequent supply of protective clothing was mainly domestic. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has taken the following measures:
1. Increase efforts to increase production and capacity;
2. Do a good job in connecting supply and demand and make every effort to ensure the needs for epidemic prevention and control;
3. Strengthen the control of the entire allocation process to ensure that key medical supplies are fully controllable and arrive on time.
In view of the current shortage of medical protective clothing, many clothing companies have responded to the national call and began to switch to the production of “protective clothing”, while working overtime to increase production capacity. The official website of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology also released the “Invitation for Collection of Information on Layers for the Production of Medical Protective Clothing” on February 9, stating that the production of medical protective clothing has increased, but it is still difficult to meet the current needs for epidemic prevention and treatment. Among them, there is a lack of layering machines (also known as hot air Seam sealing machine, stripping machine, heat sealing machine) and supporting heat sealing strips are bottlenecks that restrict production and capacity expansion.
The most popular disposable medical protective clothing materials on the market are mainly as follows:
The corresponding sealing processes of these materials are also different. Polypropylene non-woven fabrics and SMS non-woven fabrics can be edge-sealed by hot pressing, that is, the two layers of fabric are heated by a heat press and directly bonded together. The hot-pressed area will cause hydrostatic pressure fluctuations due to insufficient uniformity of hot-pressing.
Polyethylene microporous film/non-woven fabric needs to be sealed by heat sealing. Use a heat sealing machine to seal the polyethylene heat sealing tape dedicated to polyethylene microporous film (hereinafter collectively referred to as PE heat sealing Adhesive strip) is pressed at the suture position to ensure tightness.
TPU film/non-woven fabric is sealed in the same way as polyethylene microporous film/non-woven fabric. Use a heat sealing machine to press the TPU heat sealing strip at the suture position to ensure tightness.
PE heat sealing strip
PE heat sealing strip needs to be used with polyethylene microporous film/non-woven fabric.
The production method of PE heat sealing strips is to apply hot melt adhesive on a special base material, which is mainly divided into polyester + hot melt adhesive, EVA + hot melt adhesive and PE/EVA + hot melt adhesive. The base material is produced first, and then the hot melt adhesive is compounded to the surface of the base material. The polyolefin hot melt adhesive used is also called TPR in the industry.
Protective clothing sealing strip structure
First of all, fabrics need to be manufactured, dyeed and finished. This belongs to the category of textile industry, and the production speed is greatly affected. Big restrictions. The hot melt adhesive applied at the same time has a very low melting point of 50-70°C. Most of them are produced by scraping. The base material is produced first, and then the hot melt adhesive material is melted with a solvent, then scraped onto the surface of the substrate, and then dried. After drying, roll it into rolls; casting can also be used.In the rolling method, the hot melt adhesive material is cast on the surface of the substrate, and then rolled up into a large roll. Finally, cut the large roll of tape into small rolls of tape. Because the production process starts from fiber manufacturing, weaving, dyeing and finishing, to resin synthesis, processing and coating, the industrial chain is relatively long and the process is complex. Since TPR resin has low strength, the fabric layer must provide the basic strength, so fabric and resin are indispensable.
The scraping production process of PE heat sealing strips has several main disadvantages. The production process contains solvents, which will pollute the environment. If the solvent evaporates incompletely, there may be residues; scraping production The efficiency of this method is low, about 5 meters/minute, which seriously affects the efficiency. Cast extrusion hot melt adhesive material flows on the substrate. The melting point of the hot melt adhesive material is too low 50-70°C, making it difficult to process and the production speed is relatively slow.
Because the melting point of polyethylene material is low (100-120℃), the temperature setting of the heat sealing machine is also relatively low, and the speed of the rubber strip will be 5-8 meters/minute too slow, which is too fast. It may burn the polyethylene microporous film and cause water leakage. The processing requires workers’ proficiency and technical requirements to be relatively high.
TPU heat sealing strip
TPU heat sealing strip needs to be used with TPU film/non-woven fabric, because TPU strip and PE film are incompatible and cannot be bonded.
It is relatively simple to produce waterproof TPU heat sealing strips. Use TPU blown film or TPU casting production equipment to make a film, and then cut it into small rolls. The production speed of a TPU film-making equipment is about 15 meters/minute (converted into strip width equivalent to 100-120 meters/minute), which is much faster than PE heat-sealing strips. Moreover, TPU film production equipment is very versatile, and production capacity is not a problem at all. TPU heat sealing strips can have a two-layer structure, one layer is high-temperature TPU, which provides excellent barrier properties and strength, and the other layer is low-temperature hot-melt adhesive TPU, which provides excellent welding fastness and lamination speed. Because the tensile strength of TPU is very high, usually up to 30 to 50 MPa, which is 5 to 6 times higher than TPR, the TPU waterproof strip does not require a plant layer at all, and its own strength is enough to meet the requirements of waterproofing, seepage and bacteria resistance ( The casual mountaineering clothes currently on the market all have such a structure). Moreover, the TPU industry has achieved great development in China. From the synthesis of raw materials to various production equipment, the technical level of film-making enterprises is very high, the products are very cost-effective, and they are also very competitive internationally.
TPU sealing strip
The melting point of high-temperature TPU film is 150-170 ℃, much higher than polyethylene film, low-temperature hot melt adhesive TPU, the melting point can be selected from 70-120 ℃, so the speed of the adhesive strip can reach about 15 meters/minute, the efficiency is also greatly improved, and the processing difficulty is relatively low.
The national standard “Technical Requirements for Medical Disposable Protective Clothing” GB 19082-2009 stipulates that the hydrostatic pressure of key parts of the protective clothing should not be less than 1.67kPa (17cmH2O). This standard of hydrostatic pressure is actually very low. Many of our clothing customers require that the hydrostatic pressure at the position of the rubber strip be >30kPa (300cm H2O) after the finished clothes are made; they require a slightly higher hydrostatic pressure at the position of the rubber strip. >50kPa (500cm H2O) or above, which is dozens of times the hydrostatic pressure requirement specified for protective clothing, and TPU strips can easily achieve it.
