“When the seeder is plowing and sowing, the soil thickness of the cotton seeds must be checked, and 2 cm is appropriate. This is the key to mechanized cotton sowing on demand and full seedlings. The sowing depth must be adjusted according to the soil quality.” 5 On March 9, Tong Zhongquan, an agricultural technology extension researcher at the Nanxian Agricultural and Rural Affairs Bureau, was on-site to guide the sowing technology at the 100-acre demonstration of cotton “straight-dense, short plant type, fully mechanized” in Xiangyang Village, Mahekou Town, Nanxian County, Hunan.
In recent years, due to the high labor requirements and low efficiency of cotton planting, the cotton planting area in the Yangtze River Basin has been decreasing year by year, and cotton production capacity has been increasingly weakened. In order to change this situation and increase the enthusiasm of cotton farmers, since 2019, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has continued to increase support for cotton planting, introduced a series of targeted policies to benefit farmers, and encouraged local governments to upgrade traditional cotton planting through improved varieties and methods. Empowerment.
As a traditional cotton planting area in the Yangtze River Basin, Nan County has taken the initiative to step into the first phalanx of “experimental fields” for transformation and upgrading. Starting from cotton seeds, technology and mechanization, it boldly introduced new varieties of cotton with short fruit branches, and through improved seedling transplantation The planting method is mechanical on-demand, the traditional sparse planting of 1,000 plants per mu is changed to high-density planting of 8,000 plants, the multiple staged fertilization is changed to a one-time application of slow-release fertilizer, and the long-term manual flower picking is changed to a short-term one-time flower picking. Compared with the traditional method, the labor required for planting is reduced by more than 80%, the amount of fertilizer is reduced by more than 50%, and the efficiency per mu is increased by more than 50%. It completely changes the development bottleneck of traditional cotton planting, which is labor-intensive, time-consuming, difficult to manage and maintain, and requires a large amount of fertilizer.
“After the successful demonstration of new technology, to achieve large-scale planting, acceptance by farmers is the core, and promotion and implementation is the key.” As a promotion researcher of new varieties and new technologies, Tong Zhongquan, under the guidance of the Hunan Province Cotton Industry System Expert Group, Combined with the actual planting situation in the county, the income-increasing highlights of the new technology are refined, and guidance and publicity is carried out from village to household to accelerate the transformation and upgrading technology of traditional cotton planting to take root in Nan County. Now, in addition to providing 24-hour online Q&A services for cotton farmers every day, he also shuttles between two thousand-acre and ten hundred-acre cotton demonstration films, paying close attention to the key links of mechanical on-demand seeding to ensure the emergence rate and survival of cotton seeds. Rate.
In order to accelerate the overall transformation and upgrading of traditional cotton planting, Nan County has also established a technical guidance group of more than 20 people, with people stationed in different areas to ensure that the promotion technology will not be deformed or out of shape. At the same time, incentives and subsidies will be increased for cotton farmers who apply new technologies. A subsidy of 700 yuan per mu will be provided for the full mechanization demonstration film of cotton, and management and maintenance services will be provided throughout the process, so that cotton farmers can increase their income without worries.
“I never thought that growing cotton could save time and effort, with full ‘nanny-style’ care and subsidies, and I could earn hundreds of yuan a day in temporary labor wages.” 58-year-old Xiong Changhui from Mahekou Town A villager in Xiangyang Village is also one of the best “robots” in the village. This time in previous years was the busy season for him and his wife to overload seedlings and transplant in the cotton fields. However, this year, after adopting the new model of “straight-dense short plant type, full mechanization” and mechanized on-demand sowing, the crops that were once grown can be grown in less than two hours. The two men completed all their work for the week.
Now, Xiong Changhui is employed as a farming machinery operator in the village, and can earn up to 600 yuan per day during the peak farming period. His wife can choose an easy job based on her own time, and earn a daily salary ranging from 100 to 200 yuan.
In Nan County, there are nearly a hundred traditional cotton farmers like Xiong Changhui who have joined new technologies and have flexible employment. They are the beneficiaries of the implementation of new technologies and are also the ones who promote them. Experience the propagandist. Under their influence, more and more traditional cotton farmers began to actively join the team of switching gears and upgrading.
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