(1) Sawtooth ginning process
The cotton processing process flow in my country in the 1980s is shown in Figure 6-2. Figure 6-3 shows my country’s cotton processing process in the 1990s and early 21st century.
According to the requirements of the “Technical Regulations for Cotton Processing of Cotton Quality Inspection System Reform Pilot Enterprises” issued in 2004, the cotton processing technology is as follows:
Cotton in the goods yard → Cotton heavy debris cleaning machine → Cotton unloader → Cotton automatic control Feeder → Cotton dryer → Cotton cleaning machine → Cotton distribution device → Gin → (lint cleaning machine) → Cotton collector → (humidification) → Baler → Cotton sample → Cotton bale measurement → Cotton bale Information management system → Print barcode → Cotton bale automatic conveying system The integration of processing equipment is the development trend of cotton processing. The following introduces the process flow of some complete sets of ginning processing equipment.
1. Hand-picked fine-staple cotton processing technology
Figure 6-4 shows the multi-station hand-picked cotton ginning process.
The cotton from the goods yard or warehouse is transported to the production workshop by pneumatic conveying. A vent valve is also installed on the conveying pipeline before the heavy debris depositor is installed to realize automatic control of external cotton suction. When the moisture content of the sub-cotton is high and is not suitable for the ginning process requirements, the sub-cotton enters the hot air duct of the drying system through the external suction cotton separator and the sub-cotton automatic control box, and is blown to the dryer for drying by the hot air. , and then the internal suction cotton separator is unloaded into the high-efficiency blower for cleaning; when the moisture content of the sub-cotton is appropriate, adjustments are made to make the sub-cotton directly enter the internal suction cotton separator, and then the internal suction cotton separator is discharged into the high-efficiency blower. Clean up. The dusty air separated from the sub-cotton is introduced into the dust removal equipment for purification treatment through the return air duct, and then discharged into the atmosphere. After the cotton is cleaned and fluffed, it is delivered to the large sawtooth gin using a positive pressure cotton distribution device or a spiral cotton distribution device. After being processed by a sawtooth gin, the fibers are separated from the cotton seeds. Whether the lint should be cleaned can be determined based on the quality of the lint. When the lint quality meets the requirements, the four-way valve of the lint cleaning machine (referred to as the lint cleaning machine) can be adjusted so that the lint is sent directly to the common lint collecting device without going through the lint cleaning machine. Packing machine into bales. Under normal circumstances, lint should be sent to a lint cleaning machine for cleaning. The automatic control of the amount of cotton is realized through the interlocking between the equipment motors and the interlocking of the micro switches set on the cotton storage box (or cotton distribution box). When the sub-cotton in the positive pressure distribution box reaches a certain height, the micro switch on the upper part is triggered, thereby controlling the feeding motor on the internal cotton storage box at the lower part of the high-efficiency cleaning machine to stop working, and at the same time, the sub-cotton is automatically controlled The DC feeding motor on the box also stops feeding. When the cotton in the automatic control box reaches a certain height, the microswitch on the upper part is triggered, allowing the air valve to communicate with the air and stop external suction of cotton. When the drying process is not used, the feeding motor on the internal cotton storage box is directly connected to the air venting valve to control the air venting valve to communicate with the air and stop external suction of cotton. The infertile particles and impurities discharged from the saw-tooth gin and skin cleaning machine are sent to the recycling workshop for recycling using a pneumatic conveying device; the long-fiber cotton is sent to the stripping workshop for processing using a spiral conveying device.
2. Machine-picked cotton processing technology
Since the foreign impurities in machine-picked cotton are several times higher than those in hand-picked cotton, and the moisture content of the cotton is higher, the cotton needs to be processed several times before ginning. Cleaning and drying 1 to 2 times, the ginned lint needs to be cleaned 2 or more times.
Figure 6-5 shows the process flow of machine-picked cotton. Compared with the hand-picked cotton processing technology, this process increases the number of times of cotton drying and cleaning of cotton (after the first drying of cotton, an additional process is added to remove impurities such as cotton bolls, bell shells, and cotton branches. The cleaning type lint cleaning machine, and after the first and second lint drying, a tilting lint cleaning machine with lint separation function is used) and the number of lint cleaning times (using one airflow lint cleaning and twice sawtooth roller lint cleaning), increased lint humidification.
3. Cotton processing process in the United States
The gin factories that process upland cotton in the United States have a large scale of production, generally with 2 to 5 large sawtooth gins, and each factory produces an average of more than 20,000 tons of lint per year. The ginning mill has strong economic and scientific research strength, and often adopts advanced technology and updates equipment.
However, the ginnery only processes commercial cotton, and it is a single ginning production. The stripping of cottonseed is carried out in the oil mill. Seed cotton is processed by specialized cotton seed processing plants. In addition to the “foam acid delinting” process, the ginning cotton also undergoes various special treatments.
Agricultural production in the United States has been highly mechanized and modernized. All cotton processed in the ginnery is picked mechanically, of which 80% is picked in batches by a horizontal spindle cotton picker (with an impurity content of 4% to 10%), and 20% is picked in one go by a roller picker ( Impurity content 30% ~ 40%). Therefore, there are two types of cotton processing techniques in the United States. The cotton processing technology of divided picking mainly includes: cotton drying, cotton cleaning, ginning, lint cleaning, cotton collection and packaging. The one-time picking cotton processing technology includes: first using a bell shell remover and a cotton branch remover to remove a large number of bell shells and broken branches, and then processing according to the divided cotton picking process.
Seed cotton collected in the field or pressed into cotton molds by a cotton mold press (length × width × height is 7315mm × 3048mm × 2438mm, weighing about 8000kg).It is stored in the open air, and during processing, it is sent to the ginning factory by an automatic cotton mold loader or transported to the ginning factory by a high-top trailer. The cotton mold is transported to the cotton feeding workshop of the ginnery and is unloaded on the conveyor belt. While being transported, the cotton mold opening machine grabs the cotton balls and sends them to the feeding port of the outer suction pipe. After the high-top trailer transports the cotton to the cotton feeding workshop of the ginnery, an external suction tube with a universal ball head that can rotate and lift is used to suck cotton directly from the trailer.
Continental’s cotton production process is as follows.
(1) Ginning process:
Cotton mold feeding (or sucking) → heavy impurity separator → cotton mold opening machine → three-roller separator → cotton control box → drying tower → oblique six Roller blowroom (separation) → Cleaning and cleaning → Drying tower → Inclined six-roller blowroom (separating) → Auger with cotton (with overflow box) → Cleaning and feeding and gin → Sawtooth leather cleaning machine (cleaning 2 (pass)→cotton collecting machine→top pressure packaging→sampling→weighing→packaging→warehousing. Figure 6-6 shows the cotton processing process of the American Continental Company.
(2) Infertile child recycling process:
Infertile child dust cage cleaning infertile child machine, horizontal infertile child packaging machine
(3) Dust removal process: using Shakron first-level dust removal, impurities and dust After being concentrated by the auger, the wind blows it into a shakron far away in the workshop, and then it is unloaded and stacked in the open air.
(4) Cotton seed recycling process: Cotton seeds are transported by wind to an elevated storage bin. There is a discharge port at the bottom of the storage bin, and the cotton seeds can be unloaded into a trailer box and transported away.
Figure 6-7 shows the cotton processing process of Rams Company in the United States.
(2) Top roller gin technology
Top roller gin machine is mainly used for long-staple cotton processing. Figure 6-8 shows the top roller ginning process of multiple hand-picked cotton provided by Shandong Swan Cotton Machinery Co., Ltd.
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