By comparing with manual picking, we believe that machine-picked cotton has obvious advantages in terms of picking input costs and comprehensive economic benefits.
1. Average comprehensive cost composition of machine-picked cotton
1. Actual mechanical picking cost: 0.46 yuan/kg of seed cotton
The cotton picker operation charges 125 yuan per mu, and the average yield of cotton per unit area is 350 kilograms of seed cotton. The higher the yield, the lower the picking cost per kilogram.
2. Defoliation chemicals and mechanical operation costs: 0.05 yuan/kg of seed cotton
3. Increased cost of machine-picked cotton cleaning and processing: 0.111 yuan/kg of seed cotton (related to the quantity of machine-picked cotton and processed seed cotton. The greater the processing volume, the lower the additional cost of processing per kilogram. Calculated based on the current maximum increase of 300 yuan per ton of processing)
4. The sales downgrade of machine-picked cotton is generally 2 levels lower than that of hand-picked cotton. We calculate based on an average of 3 levels lower. The sales price of lint cotton is reduced by 600 yuan/ton, which is equivalent to a price reduction of 0.222 yuan/kg per kilogram of seed cotton.
The total of the above four items: 0.843 yuan/kg seed cotton
2. Actual costs of manual picking
The average picking fee for manual picking of seed cotton is 2 yuan per kilogram.
3. Comparison of economic benefits between machine-picked cotton and hand-picked cotton
Manually picking cotton costs 2 yuan/kg, compared with machine picking cotton which costs 0.84 yuan/kg. The comprehensive cost of mechanical picking is 1.16 yuan/kg lower than manual picking, and the overall economic benefit advantage is still very obvious.
4. Current promotion of machine-picked cotton technology
Existing technical problems need to be solved
Manual picking requires very meticulous processing of cotton grades, which is unmatched by cotton picking machines. “What’s the problem with the promotion of cotton picking machines is that when you pick flowers manually, the grade of cotton is very easy to distinguish.
For example, he can distinguish the first-class flowers from the second-class flowers, but when the cotton picker passes by, all your cotton and leaves will be swallowed whole, and it will enter the machine at once, and then separate the leaves into For cotton, the grading standards will change, which is different from handmade cotton. ”
There is also the problem of waste mulch film being mixed into organically picked cotton, which is the most fatal factor affecting the grade and sales price of machine-picked cotton. Moreover, some cotton cleaning and processing techniques are imperfect and the equipment is not matched, resulting in machine-picked lint cotton not meeting the expected standards.
5. Evaluation of the comprehensive benefits of promoting machine cotton picking technology
(1) The economic benefits are significant and will help increase farmers’ income.
1. The management quota is further increased. Based on the calculation of 100 acres per household, the unit yield is 400 kilograms. The implementation of machine-picked cotton can save 1.16 yuan per kilogram. The cost calculation is that each machine-picked one acre can save 464 yuan, and 100 acres can save 46,400 yuan. .
2. The establishment of the production model provides guarantee for further expansion of the labor management area, and the comprehensive production cost can be further reduced, thus increasing the competitiveness of cotton in the market. It solves the problem of high cotton yield but poor harvest, or loss and waste due to manual harvesting.
(2) It can ensure the smooth completion of cotton planting and picking, improve work efficiency and reduce labor intensity.
A 5-row cotton picking machine has a daily efficiency of more than 150 acres, and a 6-row machine has a daily efficiency of 200 acres, which is equivalent to at least 750-1,000 people. It saves the trouble of manual food, accommodation, transportation and other links, improves the working environment and reduces labor intensity. , improving the scientific and technological content, especially not being affected by the number of labor workers, making cotton planting guaranteed.
(3) Reduce labor intensity and improve technological content
The traditional manual flower picking method is inefficient, has a large demand for live labor, and has the basic characteristics of prominent periodic labor conflicts, resulting in high production costs, which tend to increase every year, and at the same time bring a large number of social burdens and other problems.
Most migrant workers come to the farm to pick flowers because of the pressure of their own lives. This uncertainty and instability of labor resources, coupled with the fact that people from other industries in the group field participate in short-term flower picking, affect the division of labor and the normal economic order of social development. , it also forces us to consider abandoning the traditional cotton harvesting method and using high-efficiency and high-reliability machine-picked cotton to solve the above problems.
(4) Be able to reasonably arrange the treatment of the land surface after picking up flowers and the work of winter irrigation and plowing
Manual flower picking starts early and ends late, making it difficult to carry out the next stage of plowing work in advance. Winter plowing and other operations have to be terminated often when the ground is frozen. Extensive damage and accelerated wear and tear of machinery and equipment have caused serious losses to agricultural machinery owners.
This is not the case with machine-picked cotton. Once machine-picked cotton is started, the cotton field contractor only needs one busy day to arrange field clearing and winter plowing and winter irrigation work. When machine mining is over, the winter plowing work is basically over. A large number of cotton field contract workers will have time and energy to enter activities such as the courtyard economy as early as possible and create more value.
(5) Improve the comprehensive quality of cotton farmers and adjust the agricultural production structure
The application and promotion of mechanized technology in the entire cotton planting process can effectively promote the enthusiasm of cotton farmers to learn science and technology and improve the overall quality of cotton farmers. At the same time, as the degree of application of mechanization increases, the labor force in cotton production can be reduced, forcing the labor force to transfer to the secondary and tertiary industries, which is conducive to the adjustment of agricultural production structure and accelerates the economic prosperity of agricultural areas and the pace of urbanization.
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