1. What are dyes? Similarities and Differences between Dyes and PigmentsDye is a colored organic compound that can dye fibers or other substrates into a certain color. Becoming a dye requires the following two conditions: (1) It is soluble in water, or can be converted into a soluble state during dyeing. Fiber has a certain affinity. (2) It can color the fiber and have a certain color fastness after dyeing. Similarities between dyes and pigments: Both can be used for coloring fibers or substratesDifferences: Dye is mainly used for dyeing and printing textiles. Most of them are soluble in water, and some can be converted into a soluble state during dyeing. The dye can be dyed on the fiber directly or through physical and chemical combination with the fiber through some intermediary substances. The main application field of dyes is the coloring of various textile fibers. They are also widely used in plastics, rubber, ink, leather, food, paper and other industries. Pigments are organic or inorganic colored compounds that are insoluble in water and general organic solvents. They are mainly used for coloring paints, inks, rubber, plastics and synthetic fiber solutions, and can also be used for dyeing and printing textiles. The pigment itself has no dyeing ability on the fiber. When used, the tiny particles of the pigment are adhered to the surface or inside of the fiber through the action of a polymer adhesive.
2. What is the commercialization of dyes?
The process in which raw dyes are mixed, ground, and added with a certain amount of fillers and additives to become commercial dyes to standardize the dyes is called dye commercial processing. The commercial processing of dyes is crucial to stabilizing the quality of finished dye products and improving the application performance and product quality of dyes.
For non-water-soluble dyes such asdisperse dyes, reduction The dye is required to diffuse rapidly in water and form a uniform and stable colloidal suspension. The average particle size of the dye particles is about 1 μm. Therefore, in the commercialization process, diffusion agent, dispersant and The wetting agents, etc. are ground together, and after reaching the required dispersion, they are processed into liquid or powdery products, and finally standardized and mixed, so that they can be directly used in production.
3. What are functional dyes? Functional dyes are a type of dyes with special functions or application properties. This special function refers to the performance of dyes other than coloring purposes. They are usually related to modern high and new technologies. It is related to the properties of light, electricity, heat, chemistry, biochemistry and other fields related to the field.
Application of functional dyes in functional textiles: Functional dyes have entered the practical stage in the textile printing and dyeing industry or have shown their potential application prospects. At present, the main applications and research are:(1). Photochromic dyes and pigments: dyes or pigments that are photochromic (that is, the color changes with light). (2). Fluorescent dyes and pigments: dyes that can strongly absorb and radiate fluorescence in the visible light range. Fluorescent pigments are essentially resin solid solutions of very fine-particle fluorescent dyes. (3). Infrared absorbing dyes and infrared camouflage dyes: Infrared absorbing dyes refer to dyes that have strong absorption of infrared rays and are used for solar energy conversion and storage; infrared camouflage dyes (or pigments) refer to They are dyes with specific colors whose infrared absorption properties are similar to those of the natural environment. They can camouflage dyed objects and make them difficult to detect by infrared observation. They are mainly used for camouflage of military equipment and combatants. (4). Thermochromic dyes and pigments: Dyes and pigments with thermochromic properties have been increasingly used for dyeing and printing of textiles. (5). Moisture-sensitive coating: made of cobalt saltInorganic coating . (6). Colored polymers: can be used for coloring in the original solution of plastics or fibers and for coating and printing of textiles. Due to their high temperature resistance, solvent resistance and migration resistance, functional polymer dyes are particularly suitable for coloring fibers and fabrics, and can improve the friction resistance and washing resistance of dyed objects; due to the excellent migration resistance of colored polymers, It is highly safe and can be used for dyeing food packaging materials, toys, medical supplies, etc. In addition, it is also used in leather dyeing, color film and compact discs. (7). Far-infrared thermal insulation coating: composed of inorganic ceramic powder with strong infrared emission characteristics and some magnesiumProcessed from aluminum silicate. Mainly used for processing solar heat storage and insulation fabrics. In addition, through pigment printing or coating processing, the fabric can also be given the function of emitting infrared rays, so that the fabric has good heat insulation or heat preservation properties. Applications of functional dyes in biomedicine:The application of functional dyes in biomedicine is mainly to introduce dye molecules into the main chain or side chain of biological macromolecules through physical effects or chemical reactions. The combination of dyes and substrates at the molecular level only requires a very small amount of dye. The desired color depth can be obtained or strong fluorescence can be obtained to derive biomedical pigments. There are many types of such pigments, mainly fluorescent probes, fluorescent dyes for DNA sequencing and pigments for photodynamic therapy. </span
