Hemp fiber is a fiber obtained from various hemp plants, including bast fiber of the cortex of annual or perennial herbaceous dicotyledonous plants and leaf fiber of monocotyledonous plants. Linen was gradually introduced to Europe from Egypt, making Europe an important source of linen. Hemp fiber is a moistening fiber obtained from plant stems or leaves. The fiber is long, thick, and uneven in thickness, and has good strength. Hemp fiber is cellulose fiber. It can be divided into two categories according to its properties. One is the tube fiber stripped from the leaf body or leaf sheath of the plant. It has a rough and hard texture, such as sisal, hemp, etc. Because of its high moisturizing power and It has strong water resistance and is generally only used to make ropes, fishing nets, etc. The other type is the moistened fiber taken from the stems of plants. The texture is relatively soft and is called soft fiber. Soft fibers vary depending on the lignin content. The texture containing more lignin is relatively rough and hard, suitable for making sacks, ropes, etc., such as kenaf, jute, etc. The texture with less wood content is soft and can be used as textile raw materials, such as flax, ramie, etc.
The chemical composition of hemp fiber is mainly cellulose, and also contains gum, moisture, wood, wax, etc.
Main performance
1. Length and line density
The single fiber lengths of hemp fiber are: ramie is 50~120mm long, flax is 17~25mm long, jute is 2~4mm long, and kenaf is 2~6mm long. The single fiber linear density of hemp fiber is: ramie is about 0.91～0.4tex, linen is 0.2 About 9tex, the single fiber width of jute is about 10~28mmμm. The bundle fibers obtained after initial processing of flax are then combed to become craft fibers suitable for spinning requirements. The degree of degumming is related to the number of times of combing.
2. Stretch and elasticity
Linen fiber is a fiber with high strength and small elongation among natural fibers. The breaking length of ramie can reach 40~55km, while the breaking length of ramie, flax and jute is 2%~4%, 3% and 3% respectively. About 3%, the singleness of hemp fiber is poor, and hemp fabric clothing is easy to wrinkle.
3. Hygroscopicity
Hemp fiber has strong hygroscopicity. Among them, jute has the highest hygroscopicity. The moisture regain rate can reach about 14% under normal atmospheric conditions. In addition, hemp fiber has strong hygroscopicity. The fiber absorbs and dissipates moisture quickly, so its fabrics are cool and comfortable to wear in summer.
4. Acid and alkali resistance
Linen fiber, like cotton, is more resistant to alkali than acid. In concentrated sulfuric acid, ramie will swell and dissolve.
5. Other properties
Linen fiber has high initial modulus, rough and hard feel, good sunlight resistance and electrical insulation, but the heat resistance of ramie and flax is not as good as cotton fiber.
Type
There are two categories: bast fiber and leaf fiber, so hemp fiber is the general name of bast fiber and leaf fiber.
Bast fiber:The fibers that form bundles inside the phloem layer of the stems of dicotyledonous plants. Such as: ramie , flax, jute, hemp, mulberry, nettle, apocynum, etc.
Leaf fiber:monocotyledonous Vascular fibers in the leaf sheath and leaf body, such as sisal, abaca, pineapple hemp, etc.
There are many varieties of hemp plants, and there are more than ten kinds used for textiles. Ramie and flax among the bast fibers are excellent hemp species, and their fibers are not lignified. High strength, small elongation, soft and slender, and good spinnability, they are a good material for weaving summer clothing. Fabrics woven with them are stiff, sweat-absorbent, not close to the body, breathable, and cool.
Jute, hemp, kenaf and other fibers are thicker and shorter, suitable for packaging materials: sacks, hemp ropes, etc.
For leaf fibers, the varieties with practical economic value are mainly: sisal and abaca. This type of fiber is relatively thick and hard, also called hard fiber. Because the fiber cell wall has been lignified, the length is longer. , small elongation, good strength, corrosion resistance, sea resistance Soaked in water, it is often used to make ropes for ships and mines, and can also be used to weave burlap bags or packaging cloth. With the emergence of synthetic fibers, hemp ropes are gradually being replaced. This type of fiber is rarely used in textiles, so it is not used here. Further introduction
The use of flax fiber has a history of thousands of years in China. Ramie fiber (Chinese grass) was used as a textile raw material before 4000 BC. The Egyptians have used flax fiber for 8000 years. Linen was used much earlier than cotton, and linen spinning equipment is relatively similar to wool spinning equipment.
Features
Hemp fiber has advantages that other fibers cannot match: it has good moisture absorption, moisture dissipation and breathability functions, fast heat conduction, coolness and stiffness, does not stick to the body when sweating, light texture, high strength, insect-proof, mildew-proof, and static electricity Less, the fabric is not easy to pollute, the color is soft and generous, and it is suitable for the excretion and secretion of human skin. Its ultraviolet shielding function and antibacterial function have been tested and identified by our country’s authoritative institutions. Its poor elasticity, poor wrinkle resistance and abrasion resistance, and itchy feeling have always limited the development of hemp fiber varieties. However, with the development of various pre-processing and post-processing technologies, some of its natural defects have been greatly reduced. Research shows that among many textile fibers, hemp fiber is a natural fiber with potential functions. Hemp fiber has always been one of the important textile fibers in China and enjoys a high reputation in the world.
Usage features: 1. No environmental pollution, improve the mixing performance of the mixture. It is an excellent substitute for asbestos fiber. 2. Cheap, only one-30th of aramid fiber . 3. It can improve the mixing properties of inorganic fibers in asbestos substitutes, reducing the amount of aramid fibers and reducing the cost of asbestos-free friction.
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